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National ArchivesBritish merchant seamen (1835-1836)
At this period, the foreign trade of ships plying to and from the British isles involved about 150,000 men on 15,000 ships; and the coasting trade about a quarter as many more. A large proportion of the seamen on these ships were British subjects, and so liable to be pressed for service in the Royal Navy; but there was no general register by which to identify them, so in 1835 parliament passed a Merchant Seamen's Registration Bill. Under this act this large register of British seamen was compiled, based on ships' crew lists gathered in British and Irish ports, and passed up to the registry in London. Each seaman was assigned a number, and the names were arranged in the register by first two letters of the surname (our sample scan shows one of the pages for 'Sm'); in addition, an attempt was made to separate out namesakes by giving the first instance of a name (a), the second (b), and so on. But no effective method was devised to prevent the same man being registered twice as he appeared in a second crew list; moreover, the original crew lists were clearly difficult for the registry clerks to copy, and some of the surname spellings appear to be corrupted. A parliamentary committee decided that the system devised did not answer the original problem, and this register was abandoned after less than two years: but it is an apparently comprehensive source for British merchant seamen in 1835 to 1836. The register records the number assigned to each man; his name; age; birthplace; quality (master, captain, mate, 2nd mate, mariner, seaman, fisherman, cook, carpenter, boy &c.); and the name and home port of his ship, with the date of the crew list (usually at the end of a voyage). Most of the men recorded were born in the British Isles, but not all (for instance, Charleston and Stockholm appear in the sample scan). The final column 'How disposed of' is rarely used, and indicates those instances where a man died, was discharged, or deserted his ship during the voyage.
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British merchant seamen
 (1835-1836)
Dissolutions of Partnerships (1841)
Trade partnerships dissolved, or the removal of one partner from a partnership of several traders, in England and Wales
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Dissolutions of Partnerships
 (1841)
Insolvents (1843)
Insolvency notices for England and Wales: insolvency often caused people to restart their lives elsewhere, so these are an important source for lost links
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Insolvents
 (1843)
National ArchivesInhabitants of Newington in Surrey (1851)
The 1851 census return for St Mary Newington, Surrey, registration district: St Peter Walworth sub-district: enumeration district 6: described as: "All that Part of the Parish of St. Mary Newington, which Comprises the south side of Beresford St., West side of Walworth Road to Grosvenor St. Including Brunswick Terrace, North Side of Grosvenor St., and North Terrace". HO 107/1567. This area lay in the ecclesiastical district of St Peter Walworth, and in the borough of Lambeth. The addresses listed in the actual returns are 1 to 3 Canterbury Terrace; 1 to 3 Oliver Cottages; 1 to 29 Flood's Terrace; Queen's Cottages; 1 and 2 Beresford Cottage; Lion Cottage;1 and 2 Rose Cottage(s); 1 to 34 Beresford Terrace; 1 to 28 Kennington Street; 1 to 8 Beresford Street; Brown's Cottage; 1 to 4 Williams Place; Barwick's Stables; 1 to 6 Williams Place (South); 1 to 16 Brunswick Terrace; 1 to 3 Brunswick Place; Brunswick Cottage; Grosvenor Cottage; 1 to 5 Grosvenor Place; 1 to 19 Grosvenor Street; and 1 to 6 North Terrace.
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Inhabitants of Newington in Surrey
 (1851)
Medical Men (1853)
The British Medical Directory for England, Scotland, and Wales of 1853 lists doctors, physicians, surgeons and other medical men. Each entry gives full name, surname first; address; qualifications; public appointments; and (where appropriate) a list of books and of works published in medical journals.
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Medical Men
 (1853)
Schoolmistresses and trainees with Certificates of Merit (1856)
The Committee of Council on Education for England and Wales produced an annual report which included several lists of teachers and trainee teachers, including an Annual Calendar of Teachers who have Obtained Certificates of Merit (completed to 1 January 1856), from which this sample scan is taken. The teachers are listed alphabetically by surname and initial, with name of school, post town or county, and grade, as either certificate or class. Student teachers were classed at the end of each year of training, so the column for class shows a student's class (1, 2 or 3) at the end of their first or second year of training. The teacher may then be awarded a certificate of merit by Her Majesty's Inspector, in which case the class and division of the certificate awarded appears in the columns for Certificate. No certificate of merit was granted a student, as a teacher, until he or she had been for two years in charge of the same elementary school, and the certificate was granted on the basis of two reports of performance as a teacher in school. If the first report was favourable, the teacher was paid for the first year on the scale of the lowest class; if the second report was favourable, augmentation and class of certificate was fixed for the next five years, after which (and so on from time to time) the certificates were open to revision. The value of the certificate, in the first instance, was not fixed higher than the first division of the third class, for any student who had resided less than two years at a training school under inspection. This is the index to the schoolmistresses and female students in training schools.
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Schoolmistresses and trainees with Certificates of Merit
 (1856)
Masters and Mates of Merchantmen: Certificates of Competency (1857)
The Mercantile Navy List and Annual Appendage to the Commercial Code of Signals for All Nations, edited by J. H. Brown, was published By Authority in 1857. It includes this full list of 'Masters and Mates who have passed their examination and obtained Certificates of Competency', from number 1 to number 15816, except for those whose certificates had been cancelled. The first column gives the number of certificate; the second column full name, surname first (an asterisk before the name denotes those who are found qualified to act in fore and aft-rigged vessels only; two vertical lines denotes in North Wales fishery only; a double dagger, passed the examination in steam; and a dagger refers to honorary testimonials, details of which are printed at the end of the section. A B C D are the distinguishing letters for the four classes of Meteorological Observers); third column, class examined (1 ex, 1, 2 and 3 denote First Extra, First, Second and Third Class Master's Certificate, granted under the Voluntary Examination, by Order in Council dated August 1845; Ex C, Master Extra; O C, Master Ordinary; 1 M, First Mate; O M, Only Mate; 2 M, Second Mate; L. R. N., Lieutenant Royal Navy; M. R. N., Master Royal Navy; E. I. C., East India Company; M. I. N., Master Indian Navy.); fourth column, year of certificate (where there are two dots, this is to represent a 'ditto' to the year next above); fifth column, Examining Board (Aberdeen, Belfast, Bristol, Cork, Dublin, Dundee, Glasgow, Greenock, Hull, Leith, Liverpool, London, Newcastle, Plymouth, Shields or Sunderland).
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Masters and Mates of Merchantmen: Certificates of Competency
 (1857)
Trainee Schoolmasters at Chester (1859)
The Education Department set examinations of trainee teachers at the various training colleges in Britain. This is the class list of the men who took examinations at the Teacher Training College at Christmas 1859. The names are given for the second year first, arranged by division in the examination (in order of merit for the first and second divisions), and then for the students of the first year, arranged similarly. Full names are given (with initials for middle names). The letter (D.) indicates that the candidate had obtained a certificate of competency as a teacher of drawing. An asterisk signifies that the candidate had received a prize for proficiency in drawing. The sample scan is from an Edinburgh list of trainee schoolmistresses.
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Trainee Schoolmasters at Chester
 (1859)
National ArchivesSailors and marines on board Her Majesty's ship Calcutta (1856-1860)
The China Medal was awarded to soldiers and sailors involved in the various actions of the war against China, in which this ship was engaged from 1856 to 1860. The medals were either delivered on board or sent on in 1862: except that many of the men were no longer immediately traceable, and the remarks on the roll show that some medals were not sent on for several years, and some were never sent. After the main roll there is a section showing which of the men also qualified for clasps. Separate clasps were awarded for men who had been in receipt of the China Medal of 1842; for the taking of Fatshan in 1857, Canton in 1857, Taku Forts in 1858, Taku Forts in 1860, and Pekin in 1860. Most of the men on this ship are shown as having been given the Fatshan clasp, for being actually present during the successful operations against the Chinese war junks in the Escapo creek, which commenced 25 May and were finally closed at Fatshan 1 June 1857; the Canton clasp, for being actually present at Canton on 28 and 29 December 1857, when that city was bombarded and finally captured; and the Taku Forts 1858 clasp, for being actually engaged in the operations which ceased with the first capture of the Taku Forts, 20 May 1858, and led to the Treaty of Tientsin.
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Sailors and marines on board Her Majesty's ship Calcutta
 (1856-1860)
National ArchivesSailors and marines on board Her Majesty's ship Drake (1856-1860)
The China Medal was awarded to soldiers and sailors involved in the various actions of the war against China, in which this ship was engaged from 1856 to 1860. The medals were either delivered on board or sent on in 1862: except that many of the men were no longer immediately traceable, and the remarks on the roll show that some medals were not sent on for several years, and some were never sent. After the main roll there is a section showing which of the men also qualified for clasps. Separate clasps were awarded for men who had been in receipt of the China Medal of 1842; for the taking of Fatshan in 1857, Canton in 1857, Taku Forts in 1858, Taku Forts in 1860, and Pekin in 1860. Most of the men on this ship are shown as having been given the Canton clasp, for being actually present at Canton on 28 and 29 December 1857, when that city was bombarded and finally captured.
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Sailors and marines on board Her Majesty's ship Drake
 (1856-1860)
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