Search between and
BasketGBP GBP
0 items£0.00
Click here to change currency

Grant Surname Ancestry Results

Our indexes 1000-1999 include entries for the spelling 'grant'. In the period you have requested, we have the following 2458 records (displaying 1951 to 1960): 

Single Surname Subscription
Buying all 2,458 results of this search individually would cost £14,272.00. But you can have free access to all 2,458 records for a year, to view, to save and print, for £100. Save £14,172.00. More...

These sample scans are from the original record. You will get scans of the full pages or articles where the surname you searched for has been found.

Your web browser may prevent the sample windows from opening; in this case please change your browser settings to allow pop-up windows from this site.

Boys entering Fettes College, Edinburgh (1904)
Fettes College, Edinburgh, was opened in 1870 under the terms of a trust 'for maintenance, education, and outfit of young people whose parents have either died without leaving sufficient funds for that purpose, or who, from innocent misfortune during their own lives, are unable to give suitable education to their children'. In 1923 this edition of the Fettes College Register was published; in it the compilers sought to set out for each boy who had attended the college a brief synopsis of what was known about his time at the school, his subsequent career, and date and place of death, or address as of 1923. Of course, for most of the boys entering the school in the early 20th century, their career was still ahead of them. After each name there is a letter in brackets indicating the house to which the pupil belonged - (C.) Carrington House; (G.) Glencorse House; (K.) Kimmerghame House; (M.) Moredun House; (S.) Schoolhouse. An asterisk indicates that the boy was a foundationer, i. e. supported by the foundation; a dagger that he was a foundation scholar. VIA. indicates Upper Form; Mods. Modern School; Army Cl., Army Class; S. P., School Prefect; xx. First Rugby Football Twenty; xv. First Rugby Football Fifteen; xx. cap. Caps occasionally given to the five (or fewer) next to the First Fifteen after 1875; xi. First Cricket Eleven; viii. Gymnastic Eight; Trs. Prizes and Exhib., Trustees' Prizes and Exhibitions; Govs. Prizes and Exhib., Governors' Prizes and Exhibitions; Schol., scholarship; M., married. Month and year of birth is given in square brackets.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Boys entering Fettes College, Edinburgh
 (1904)
Captains of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Captains of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Carpenters of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Carpenters of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Commanders of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Commanders of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Deaths in India (1904)
The India List and India Office List was compiled from official records by direction of the Secretary of State for India in Council, and published by the India Office annually. An appendix to the volume for 1905 lists retirements and deaths from the ranks of the civil service and the army in India for the previous year: the details given are name (surname and initials, and any honours); Service or Appointment; and date of death.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Deaths in India
 (1904)
Engineer Lieutenants of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Engineer Lieutenants of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Engineers of the Royal Naval Reserve (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains these Royal Naval Reserve Seniority Lists: giving full name (preceded by an 'm' for those entitled to a naval medal) and date of seniority. The names may be preceded by an asterisk, for those who had completed 12 months' training in the Royal Navy; a further asterisk for 12 months' more service; a dagger for a certificate in a gunnery or torpedo short course; a double dagger for certificates in both; a double S for those who had served in the Fleet for one or more short cruises only; engineer officers marked * had completed a three months' course of instruction at one of the Home Dockyards.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Engineers of the Royal Naval Reserve
 (1904)
Gunners of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Gunners of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Indian Civil Servants (1904)
The India List and India Office List was compiled from official records by direction of the Secretary of State for India in Council, and published by the India Office annually. The volume for 1905 includes this Record of Services, corrected to 1 July 1904. It includes Officers of the Home Establishment of the Secretary of State, Officers of the Covenanted Civil Service, and those appointed under the Native Civil Service Rules, other Officers in Civil Employment in India whose substantive pay was at least 1000 rupees a month, and, with a few exceptions, all officers of those classes who had retired since 1886.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Indian Civil Servants
 (1904)
Lieutenants of the Royal Navy (1904)
The Monthly Naval List for November 1904, printed By Authority for the Admiralty, contains this List of Officers on the Active List of the Royal Navy with the Dates of their Seniority. The list is arranged by rank, and then by date of seniority: full names, including full middle names, are given. Each name is preceded (where appropriate) by the number of the ship in which serving; an 'm' indicating the holder was entitled to wear a medal; one or more asterisks for officers authorized to hold foreign orders. (C) after the name denotes an officer who had obtained his lieutenant's commission by competition at the Royal Naval College; (E) one who had obtained the same for meritorious examination there; or (G) one who had received an honorary certificate or had qualified as a Gunnery or Torpedo Lieutenant. There are also various sets of initials in italics indicating: AdC Aide-de-Camp to the King, AO Clerk to Secretary to a Flag Officer, CG Coast Guard, CGP Coast Guard Pension, Coll studying at Naval College, Dev an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Devonport, DY Dock Yard, GH Greenwich Hospital, GHP Greenwich Hospital Pension, GSP Good Service Pension, KHC Honorary Chaplain to the King, KHP Honorary Physician to the King, KHS Honorary Surgeon to the King, NH Naval Hospital, NID Naval Intelligence Department, NP Naval Pension, Po an acting sub-lieutenant studying at Portsmouth, PW Pension for Wounds, RNVR Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, SC undergoing short course of instruction in torpedo, gunnery, &c., ScM Royal Naval School of Music, Sec Secretary to a Flag Officer, TB Torpedo Boat, TP Travers Pension, TS Transport Service, VY Victualling Yard. Large or bold letters in brackets or circles indicate qualifications in - G gunnery, I interpreting, N navigating, S secretary, T torpedo. There are lists for Flag Officers (Admirals of the Fleet, Admirals, Vice-Admirals, and Rear Admirals); Captains; Commanders; Lieutenants; Supplementary Lieutenants; Sub-Lieutenants (with class of their certificates in seamanship, navigation, pilotage, gunnery and torpedo); Midshipmen; Navy Cadets; Staff Captains; Engineer Rear-Admirals; Engineer Captains; Engineer Commanders; Engineer Lieutenants; Engineer Sub-Lieutenants; Chaplains (where these also acted as Naval Instructors, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); Naval Instructors (where these also acted as Chaplains, their seniority in that appointment is given as well); (Medical) Inspector-Generals of Hospitals and Fleets; Fleet Surgeons; Staff Surgeons; Surgeons; Paymasters-in-Chief; Fleet Paymasters; Staff Paymasters; Paymasters; Assistant Paymasters; Clerks; Assistant Clerks; Carpenter Lieutenants; Chief Gunners; Gunners; Chief Boatswains; Boatswains; Chief Signal Boatswains; Signal Boatswains; Chief Carpenters; Carpenters; Chief Artificer Engineers; Artificer Engineers; Chief Schoolmasters; Head Schoolmasters; Head Wardmasters.

GRANT. Cost: £4.00. Add to basket

Sample scan, click to enlarge
Lieutenants of the Royal Navy
 (1904)
Previous page1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 | 101 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 105 | 106 | 107 | 108 | 109 | 110 | 111 | 112 | 113 | 114 | 115 | 116 | 117 | 118 | 119 | 120 | 121 | 122 | 123 | 124 | 125 | 126 | 127 | 128 | 129 | 130 | 131 | 132 | 133 | 134 | 135 | 136 | 137 | 138 | 139 | 140 | 141 | 142 | 143 | 144 | 145 | 146 | 147 | 148 | 149 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 153 | 154 | 155 | 156 | 157 | 158 | 159 | 160 | 161 | 162 | 163 | 164 | 165 | 166 | 167 | 168 | 169 | 170 | 171 | 172 | 173 | 174 | 175 | 176 | 177 | 178 | 179 | 180 | 181 | 182 | 183 | 184 | 185 | 186 | 187 | 188 | 189 | 190 | 191 | 192 | 193 | 194 | 195 | 196 | 197 | 198 | 199 | 200 | 201 | 202 | 203 | 204 | 205 | 206 | 207 | 208 | 209 | 210 | 211 | 212 | 213 | 214 | 215 | 216 | 217 | 218 | 219 | 220 | 221 | 222 | 223 | 224 | 225 | 226 | 227 | 228 | 229 | 230 | 231 | 232 | 233 | 234 | 235 | 236 | 237 | 238 | 239 | 240 | 241 | 242 | 243 | 244 | 245 | 246Next page

Research your ancestry, family history, genealogy and one-name study by direct access to original records and archives indexed by surname.